Influence of Critical Synthesis Parameters and Precursor Stabilization on the Development of Adhesive Strength in Fructose–HMF–Amine Adhesives*

Abstract The synthesis of an adhesive composed fructose, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and bishexamethylene triamine was optimized. intended application the is production wood composites such as particleboard or medium-density fiberboard. Adhesives synthesized using HMF-rich precursors produced in continuous batch systems were compared regard to their tensile shear strength development; no significant differences could be found. use sodium dithionite for HMF stabilization during precursor led lower resin viscosities, whereas influence on development measured. Variation critical parameters' reaction temperature atmosphere allowed with similar even faster than commercially used urea–formaldehyde adhesives. ideal found 60°C. Adhesive under nitrogen shifts curing temperatures, which demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry measurements, but did not improve overall system.